By Zhang Dan
张丹
By November 10, the first phase of the Gaza ceasefire agreement has been in effect for a month, but sporadic clashes has persisted between Israel and Hamas, accusing each other of violating the deal. Data show that more than 200 Palestinian civilians have been killed and over 600 injured in exchanges of fire since the agreement came into force. How to advance the second phase of negotiations? How to push forward the reconstruction process in Gaza? And how to implement the "two-state solution"? These key issues remain in suspension given the current situation, posing a serious test to the region's lasting peace.
11月10日，加沙停火第一阶段协议生效已满一个月。但以色列和哈马斯相互指责对方违反协议，局部冲突时有发生。数据显示，协议生效以来的交火已造成200余名巴勒斯坦平民伤亡，超过600人受伤。当前形势下，第二阶段谈判如何展开、加沙重建进程如何推进、“两国方案”如何落地等议题仍悬而未决，地区长久和平面临严峻考验。
Regarding Israel's military actions in Gaza after the ceasefire, Israeli Defense Minister Katz accused Hamas of not only attacking Israeli soldiers in the Gaza Strip but also violating provisions on the transfer of bodies of Israeli hostages. Hamas, on the other hand, asserted that since the ceasefire deal took effect, Israel has failed to honor its commitment to reopening the Rafah border crossing, leaving Palestinians in Gaza in a dire humanitarian crisis. In particular, the Israeli forces have launched a new round of attacks targeting Gaza City, Beit Lahia in northern Gaza, Deir al-Balah in central Gaza, and Khan Yunis in southern Gaza, causing heavy civilian casualties, including many women and children. Earlier this month, Hamas representatives visited Türkiye, where they discussed Israel's repeated violations of the ceasefire agreement since it took effect, demanding that Israel completely withdraw its forces from the Gaza Strip.
就停火后以色列对加沙的打击行动，以国防部长卡茨称，哈马斯不仅在加沙地带袭击以军士兵，还违反了有关移交以方被扣押人员遗体的规定。而哈马斯则表示，停火协议生效以来，以方在拉法口岸开放问题上并未履行承诺，加沙地带巴勒斯坦民众仍面临严峻人道主义困境。特别是以军发动的新一轮打击，目标包括加沙城、加沙地带北部拜特拉希亚镇、中部代尔拜拉赫市、南部汗尤尼斯市等地，造成包括众多妇女儿童在内的大量平民伤亡。本月初，哈马斯代表出访土耳其，讨论了停火协议生效以来以色列屡屡违反协议的行为，强调以色列必须从加沙地带全面撤军。
The mutual accusations and ongoing military actions between Israel and Hamas have further exposed the fragility of the ceasefire agreement. From the very beginning, this precarious deal lacked a timetable for Israel's full withdrawal from Gaza. Nor did it make arrangements regarding the funding for Gaza's reconstruction, or plan a pathway for implementing the "two-state solution." The current ceasefire is largely a result of exhaustion of the conflicting parties and of pressure from external powers, rather than a fair move that accommodates the interests of all stakeholders.
以色列与哈马斯之间的相互指责和军事行动，让停火协议的脆弱性愈发凸显。这份摇摇欲坠的协议，从一开始就没有规定以色列从加沙全面撤军的时间，也没有就加沙重建的资金来源等问题作出任何安排，更没有规划“两国方案”落实的具体路径。当前的停火很大程度上只是缘于冲突方的疲惫和域外国家的施压，而非公正顾及各方利益。
Against this backdrop, seven countries, including Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan, held a meeting in Istanbul on November 3 to discuss security governance in the Gaza Strip. The participants unanimously agreed to uphold the ceasefire agreement and to promote a lasting peace process based on the "two-state solution." At present, Hamas has agreed to transfer the administrative authority of Gaza to a committee composed of Palestinians and has called for the establishment of an international committee dedicated to overseeing the financing and execution of Gaza's reconstruction.
在此背景下，土耳其、沙特阿拉伯、约旦等7国于11月3日在土耳其伊斯坦布尔举行会议，讨论了加沙地带安全管理问题。与会各方一致同意维护加沙停火协议，并推动以“两国方案”为基础的持久和平进程。目前，哈马斯已同意将加沙的行政管理权移交给由巴勒斯坦人组成的委员会，还呼吁成立国际委员会，专门监督加沙地带重建工作的资金和执行情况。
On the very same day of the seven-nation meeting, the US submitted a draft resolution to several members of the UN Security Council, proposing the establishment of an "international stabilization force" in the Gaza Strip. It claimed that this force would "stabilize local security environment by ensuring the demilitarization of the Gaza Strip, including destroying and preventing the reconstruction of military, terrorist, and offensive infrastructure, and permanently disarming non-state armed groups." This means that if Hamas refuses to disarm, the "international stabilization force" could enforce its disarmament by military means. The proposal represented an extension of the so-called "20-Point Plan" put forward by the US, with the same objective of tightening its control over Middle Eastern affairs. Such actions, which place America's own interests above Palestinian sovereignty, are a key reason why the flames of war continue to burn in Gaza and why the Middle East peace process remains so difficult.
就在7国举行会议的同一天，美国向联合国安理会多个成员国提交了一份决议草案，提议在加沙地带组建一支“国际安全部队”，称这支部队将“通过确保加沙地带非军事化进程来稳定当地安全环境，包括摧毁并防止重建军事、恐怖主义和进攻性基础设施，以及永久性解除非国家武装团体的武器装备”。这意味着如果哈马斯拒绝解除武装，那么“国际安全部队”就可以武力解除其武装。这一提议是美国提出的所谓“20点计划”的进一步延伸，其真实目的仍是为了进一步掌握中东事务的主导权。这种将自身利益置于巴勒斯坦主权之上的举动，正是加沙战火燃烧、中东和平进程艰难的重要原因。
Gaza is the homeland of the Palestinian people, not a bargaining chip in geopolitical games. The essence of the Gaza issue boils down to the Palestinian people's right to survival and development. Any arrangements concerning Gaza's future must adhere to the internationally recognized principle of "Palestinians governing Palestine" and respect the will of the Palestinians themselves. Gaza is lying in ruins now, which is all the more reason why the international community must drive the implementation of the "two-state solution." Only by establishing an independent State of Palestine would it be possible to address the long-standing historical issues and create conditions for realizing lasting peace in the region.
加沙是巴勒斯坦人民的家园，不是地缘博弈的筹码。加沙问题的本质是巴勒斯坦人民的生存权和发展权问题。任何关于加沙未来的安排，都必须坚持“巴人治巴”这一国际社会已经达成的共识，都需要尊重巴勒斯坦人民自己的意愿。当前加沙满目疮痍，更需要国际社会推动“两国方案”落地，通过建立独立的巴勒斯坦国，解决历史遗留问题，为地区长久和平创造条件。