By Le Shui
乐水
On October 7, the Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) launched a raid on Israel and the latter immediately declared a state of war with a fierce counterattack, which triggered a new round of conflict between the two countries. According to media reports, more than 4,200 people have been killed and more than 10,000 injured in the conflict so far.
当地时间10月7日，巴勒斯坦伊斯兰抵抗组织（哈马斯）对以色列发动突然袭击，以色列随即宣布进入“战争状态”并进行了猛烈还击，新一轮巴以冲突就此爆发。据媒体报道，截至目前，双方已有4200余人在此轮冲突中丧生，一万多人受伤。
The rapid escalation of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has drawn wide attention from the international community. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres immediately issued a statement urging all parties to avoid the expansion of the conflict through diplomatic efforts. On October 8, the Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson said at a press conference that the repeated conflicts between Palestine and Israel speak volumes for the necessity not to continue the long stagnation of the peace process, and the fundamental way out of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is to implement the two-state solution and establish an independent Palestinian state.
巴以冲突的迅速升级，引起国际社会广泛关注。联合国秘书长古特雷斯第一时间发表声明，敦促各方通过外交努力避免巴以冲突扩大。10月8日，中国外交部发言人在记者会上表示，巴以冲突反复上演，充分说明和平进程长期停滞不可持续，平息巴以冲突的根本出路在于落实“两国方案”，建立独立的巴勒斯坦国。
The century-old conflict between Israel and Palestine is complex and intractable. The root cause is that Israelis and Palestinians cannot coexist peacefully in the Palestinian regions.
巴以恩怨绵延百年、复杂难解。其根本原因在于以色列人与巴勒斯坦人难以在巴勒斯坦地区和平共存。
In 1947, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted Resolution 181, deciding to establish a Jewish state and an Arab state respectively in order to implement partitioned administration within the Palestinian areas. Israel declared its statehood shortly after the adoption of the resolution. However the Arab countries considered the resolution unfair to Arabs, thus the first Middle East war broke out and the plan for the statehood of Palestine has been repeatedly postponed since then. After five Middle East wars, the land originally allotted to Palestinians was continuously divided and encroached upon by Israel and neighboring countries, so the goal of Palestinian statehood was getting even more distant. Later on, amid the widening power disparity between Israel and Palestine, the Palestinian National Liberation Movement (Fatah), the legitimate representative of Palestinians, gradually abandoned the strategy of armed combat and switched to seeking statehood through peace talks with Israel.
1947年，联合国大会通过《联合国第181号决议》，决定在巴勒斯坦地区分别成立“犹太国”和“阿拉伯国”，以对巴勒斯坦地区实行“分治”。在181号决议通过后不久，以色列就宣布建国。但由于阿拉伯国家认为该决议对阿拉伯人不公，第一次中东战争旋即爆发——巴勒斯坦建国的计划也随之被一再推迟。经过5次中东战争之后，原本划分给巴勒斯坦人的土地不断被以色列和周边国家蚕食、瓜分，因而巴勒斯坦建国的目标更加遥遥无期。此后随着以色列和巴勒斯坦的实力对比日益悬殊，巴勒斯坦人的合法代表巴勒斯坦民族解放组织（法塔赫）逐渐放弃了武装斗争策略，转而通过与以色列和谈来寻求建国之路。
In the 1990s, the Fatah led by Yasser Arafat and the Israeli government led by Yitzhak Rabin signed the Oslo Accords, initiating the Middle East peace process of "land for peace". Under the deal, Israeli forces would withdraw from Gaza and Jericho where the Palestinians were to exercise limited autonomy, and the two sides would recognize each other's right to subsistence. The persistent Palestine and Israel dispute lasting a century thus ushered in the dawn of peace for the first time. However, in the wake of Rabin's assassination, extremist forces on both sides gained the upper hand and the implementation of the Oslo Accords was suspended indefinitely. Particularly, the rising Hamas advocating armed struggles stands up to the Fatah, which not only destroys the internal unity of Palestinians but also makes the whiff of gunpowder intensify between the two peoples.
在上世纪九十年代，阿拉法特领导的法塔赫与拉宾领导的以色列政府签订《奥斯陆协议》，开启了“以土地换和平”的中东和平进程。根据该协议，以色列军队撤出加沙和杰里科，巴勒斯坦在该地区实行有限自治，巴以互相承认对方的生存权。巴以之间的百年纷争也因此第一次迎来“和平”曙光。但随着拉宾的被刺，巴以双方的极端势力渐占上风，《奥斯陆协议》的执行也被无限期搁置。尤其是力主武装斗争的哈马斯在崛起之后与法塔赫分庭抗礼，不仅破坏了巴勒斯坦人的内部团结，也让巴以之间的火药味更加刺鼻。
The Middle East peace process has been stalled for more than 20 years, and the Israel-Palestine conflict has never subsided during this period. In 2002, the 14th Arab League Summit put forward the Arab Peace Initiative designed to end the Arab-Israeli dispute. This initiative urges Israel to withdraw troops from all Arab territories occupied in the 1967 Third Middle East War and acknowledge the establishment of a sovereign and independent Palestinian State with East Jerusalem as its capital. The Arab countries are requested to sign peace agreements with Israel and gradually establish normal relations with it. The initiative contains the main content of the “two-state solution” and is regarded as an important proposal put forward by Arab countries in a bid to rapidly quell the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, ease the regional security situation and achieve lasting peace in the Middle East, which is widely supported by major countries in the world including China.
如今，中东和平进程已经停滞了20余年，巴以冲突在此期间从未平息。2002年，第14次阿盟首脑会议提出了一项旨在结束阿以争端的“阿拉伯和平倡议”，要求以色列撤出在1967年第三次中东战争中所占领的全部阿拉伯领土，接受建立以东耶路撒冷为首都的、拥有主权的、独立的巴勒斯坦国，而阿拉伯国家将以此为基础与以色列签署和平协议, 逐步与以色列建立正常关系。“阿拉伯和平倡议”包含了所谓“两国方案”的主要内容，是阿拉伯国家为了尽快平息巴以冲突, 缓和地区安全局势, 实现中东持久和平提出的一项重要主张，得到了包括中国在内的世界主要国家广泛支持。
Although the two-state solution has won universal recognition from the international community, the implementation of it is still filled with difficulties. The current Netanyahu government is hawkish on the Palestinian issue and steadfastly rejects the return of Palestinian refugees to their homelands. In addition, the Palestinian economy is controlled by Israel, and even its own customs duties need to be collected and transferred by the latter, greatly impairing the autonomy of Palestinians. The division between the Fatah and the Hamas also foreshadows a bumpy road to future state unification of Palestinians.
虽然“两国方案”获得了国际社会的普遍认可，但是在落实过程中仍然困难重重。当前执政的内塔尼亚胡政府在巴勒斯坦问题上持鹰派立场，坚决拒绝巴勒斯坦难民回归故土。此外，巴勒斯坦的经济命脉为以色列所掌控，甚至连自身关税都需由以色列代收转交，这无疑让其自主性大打折扣。法塔赫与哈马斯之间的分裂也注定未来“巴勒斯坦国”的统一不会一帆风顺。
Nevertheless, the two-state solution still plays a fundamental role in solving the Palestinian-Israeli issue. Although a long and arduous road ahead, the realization of lasting peace in the Middle East is the common aspiration of all countries in the world. Therefore, the international community still needs to make sustained efforts for a ceasefire between the two sides and the implementation of the two-state solution. In particular, against the current backdrop of the escalating situation, both Palestine and Israel should keep restraint and resume peace talks to avoid more serious humanitarian crises.
尽管如此，“两国方案”仍然对解决巴以问题起到“正本清源”的作用。虽然前方道阻且长，但实现中东地区的持久和平是世界各国的共同期待，因此，国际社会仍需为巴以停火、落实“两国方案”作出持续努力。尤其是在当前局势不断升温背景下，巴以双方更应保持克制，恢复和谈，避免造成更加严重的人道主义危机。
This massive re-eruption of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict reminds the whole world that no progress means regression for the Middle East peace process, and the Palestinian issue cannot be put off any longer. Piecemeal crisis management fails to get to the root of the issue. The international community should promote the effective implementation of the two-state solution as soon as possible with the utmost sense of urgency, so as to avoid the Palestinian-Israeli issue caught in a downward spiral.
巴以冲突的再次大规模爆发提醒世界，中东和平进程不进则退，巴勒斯坦问题不能一拖再拖。零敲碎打的危机管控无法从根本上解决问题。国际社会应以最大的紧迫感推动“两国方案”尽快得到有效落实，避免巴以问题陷入恶性循环。
Editor's note: Originally published on china.com.cn, this article is translated from Chinese into English and edited by the China Military Online. The information and opinions in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of eng.chinamil.com.cn.
