李伟

By Li Wei

“9•11”事件以来，美国全球反恐未能真正遏制恐怖主义的猖獗势头。在美国“军事反恐”在国际上留下众多“烂摊子”的情况下，又出于一己私利把战略重心从“反恐”转向“大国竞争”，试图制造更多新麻烦。

America’s global anti-terrorist operations after “9•11” have not really curbed the rampant terrorist activities. As its “military counterterrorism” approach has left one mess after another around the world, now, out of selfish interests, it is shifting its strategic focus to major-country competition, bent on creating more new troubles.

以反恐为名谋私利，美国成“人道危机制造者”

US becomes humanitarian crisis maker in pursuit of self-interests under the name of counterterrorism

美国本是“9•11”恐怖袭击的受害者，但最终却成了打着“反恐”旗号强推美式民主的“加害者”。美国夹带私货的“反恐”不仅未能达到打击恐怖主义的目的，反而给世界制造了更多麻烦、给了恐怖主义活动空间。

The US was the victim of the “9•11” terrorist attack, yet, as it turns out, it has turned itself into the “victimizer” that forces American democracy upon other countries in the name of counterterrorism. Its anti-terror operations, partly to serve its own purposes, haven’t really put a brake on terrorism but have instead created more troubles for the world and more space for terrorist activities.

如果说美国发动阿富汗战争之初还具有反恐特征与性质，但在摧毁了“基地”在阿训练营、击毙本•拉登后，就偏离了原本的反恐之路。一是美国在阿富汗扶持一个美式民主模式建立的政权。这个政权在20年战争结束，美军还未完全撤出就迅速垮台。二是美军在阿富汗战争中的对手并不是恐怖组织，而是阿富汗塔利班。

The US-waged Afghan war might carry some anti-terror elements in the beginning, but it deviated from the original path after US troops destroyed al-Qaeda’s training camps in Afghanistan and killed Bin Laden. For one thing, it tried to support a regime in Afghanistan that adopted American-style democracy, which quickly toppled when the 20-year-long war came to an end, even before the US troops were fully withdrawn. For another, what the US troops were up against in Afghanistan were not terrorist organizations, but the Taliban.

美在阿富汗“反恐”战争是要维系一个亲美政权，从而获得遏制周边国家的战略地缘利益。结果有目共睹：阿富汗成为恐怖主义的温床，总体局势始终处于混乱状态，民众更是生活在水深火热之中。

The US launched the anti-terror war in Afghanistan in order to bring up a pro-America regime and therefore obtain the strategic geopolitical advantage of containing surrounding countries. The result cannot be clearer: Afghanistan becomes the hotbed of terrorism, the country is in endless chaos, and the people there are living in dire agony.

更有甚者，美国于2003年以“反恐”之名发起第二次伊拉克战争。为推翻萨达姆政权，对中东国家进行“民主改造”，美国甚至“制造”了伊拉克“拥有大规模杀伤性武器、与‘基地’有联系”的虚假情报。伊拉克战争不仅毁了伊拉克，也催生了“伊斯兰国”。迄今，“伊斯兰国”不仅极大危害伊拉克和叙利亚国家安全，也成为全球恐怖主义的“大旗”，对国际社会构成严峻恐怖威胁。

What was worse, the US launched the second Iraqi war in 2003 still in the name of counterterrorism. To overthrow the Saddam regime and implement the so-called “democratic reform” of the Middle Eastern country, Washington even fabricated such false intelligence that Iraq “possessed weapons of massive destruction and had connections with al-Qaeda”. The war not only destroyed Iraq but also gave birth to Islamic State (IS), which has seriously damaged the national security of Iraq and Syria and become the bellwether of global terrorism, posing grave terrorist threats to the international community.

此外，美主导北约军事介入利比亚局势，使利比亚仍处于部落军阀混战状态，民众生活更是毫无安全可言；美国武力打击叙利亚，以期推翻美“不喜欢”的叙利亚现政府，使这个国家长期陷入内战，民众生命时刻处于危险之中。

In addition, the US-led NATO has militarily interfered in the Libyan situation, leaving the country in the grip of battles among tribal warlords and its people in defenseless misery. The US also launched armed attacks against Syria to overthrow the current government that’s not to its liking, leaving the country in a protracted civil war and people’s lives always on the line.

可以看到，美国为了本国利益，借“反恐”处处插手干预别国内部事务，不仅成为“麻烦制造者”，也是“难民制造者”，更是“人道主义危机制造者”。

It’s clear to all that the US, for its own interests, has gone amuck interfering in the internal affairs of other countries under the pretext of counterterrorism. It is not only a trouble maker but also a maker of refugees and humanitarian crises.

从“反恐”转向“大国竞争”，美国成“世界动乱制造者”

From counterterrorism to major-country competition, America creates unrest around the globe

美国霸权疲态尽显，维护霸权的焦虑感与日俱增,将战略重心从“反恐”转向“大国竞争”，以期继续维护霸权地位。

The American hegemony is all but exhausted. Washington is so anxious to maintain it that it has shifted its strategic focus from counterterrorism to major-country competition.

然而，一方面，美依靠军事力量维护霸权渐入死胡同。美国建国200多年的时间里，就发动或参与200多场战争。但是，这种军事行动越来越多遭遇惨败，此次美国在阿富汗的败局就是一个最好例证。

However, the old way of maintaining hegemony with military strength has come to a dead end. Since the US was founded over 200 years ago, it has waged or participated in more than 200 wars, and its military operations more and more end up in crushing defeat, as well proved by the fiasco in Afghanistan.

另一方面，美式民主也不再被视为“普遍真理”。很多长期遭受美西方殖民统治的发展中国家独立后，被迫接受美式民体制。但是，这种政治体制的上层建筑与这些国家的经济基础不相适应的矛盾十分突出，成为众多发展中国家动荡不安、经济停滞不前的主要因素。越来越多发展中国家发出“西方民主救不了我们”的呼声。

On the other hand, American-style democracy is no longer viewed as the “universal truth”. Many developing countries that were under the colonial rule of the US-led West were forced to accept the American democratic system after gaining independence, but the political superstructure was so incongruous with the economic foundation that many of them have been plagued by constant turmoil and economic stagnation. A growing number of developing countries have realized western democracy cannot save them.

美国不甘心霸权地位的衰落，认为是新兴国家的快速发展挑战了美国一超独霸的地位。因此，美国在国际反恐上不断“碰壁”后，矛头调转指向中国和俄罗斯。但是,虽然美国迫不及待在国际“反恐”上转向，以“基地”和“伊斯兰国”为核心的国际恐怖势力却并未“转向”，依然将美国作为最主要的攻击目标。因此，美国在国际反恐上的错误做法，更使美国民众成为恐怖袭击的牺牲品。

Refusing to accept its falling domination, the US thinks it’s the emerging countries’ rapid development that has challenged its superpower position, so after its international anti-terrorist operations have hit the wall, more than once, it decided to turn its eyes to China and Russia. While Washington cannot wait to veer from the anti-terror road, international terrorist forces centered on al-Qaeda and IS haven’t veered and continued to take the US as their arch target. In other words, America’s wrongdoings in counterterrorism have exposed its people to terrorist attacks.

以发展促进民生的改善，才是从更深层上逐渐铲除滋生蔓延恐怖主义土壤的正确做法。只有以国际社会整体利益为出发点，才能真正地解决国际社会面临的恐怖主义问题。美国应当清醒认识到，单边主义的时代已经一去不复返。

The only way to uproot the soil that breeds and spreads terrorism is improving people’s lives through development. Only when we base our actions on the overall interests of the world can we fundamentally solve the terrorist issue facing the international community. Those at Capitol Hill must realize that the age of unilateralism is gone for good.

（作者为中国现代国际关系研究院研究员）

(The author is a researcher from the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations)