傅波
By Fu Bo
5月24日，美国得克萨斯州南部尤瓦尔迪市一所小学发生枪击事件，造成19名儿童和2名教师死亡。这起枪击案是美国今年至少第30起幼儿园及中小学枪击事件，也是美国近十年来发生的最大规模校园枪击案。
A shooting at an elementary school in Uvalde, southern Texas took the lives of 19 children and two teachers on May 24. The shooting is at least the 30th shooting in kindergartens and elementary and middle schools in the US this year, and it is also the largest school shooting in the US in the past decade.
每次重大枪击案后，枪支暴力都会成为美国社会讨论的焦点，但在利益集团的运作下，大量政客频频为拥枪势力站台，导致控枪法案难以推行。
Gun violence will become the focus of discussion in American society after every major shooting. However, under the operation of interest groups, many politicians frequently stand for gun-owning forces, making it difficult to implement gun control laws.
根据非营利组织“枪支暴力档案”网站发布的统计数据，截至5月25日，美国今年已发生死伤4人以上枪击事件210余起，超过1.67万人在各类涉枪事件中丧生。美国近期接连发生的多起枪击暴力事件死伤人数众多，引发美国民众恐慌与愤怒，也凸显美国控枪无力的顽瘴痼疾和美式人权的虚伪。
According to statistics released by the non-profit organization Gun Violence Archives, as of May 25, more than 210 shooting incidents have occurred in the US in 2022 with more than four deaths and injuries, and more than 16,700 people have been killed in various gun-related incidents. The recent spate of shooting violence in the US has resulted in many casualties, causing panic and anger among the American people. It also highlights the stubborn disease of the US's inability to control guns and the hypocrisy of American-style human rights.
利益交错导致控枪无力
Interlaced interests lead to inability to control guns
美国是世界上枪支暴力最严重的国家。据《纽约时报》统计数据显示，自1975年以来，已有超过150万美国人死于枪支相关的自杀、谋杀与意外，超过美国自内战以来所有战争导致死亡人数之和。
The US is the worst country in terms of gun violence in the world. Since 1975, more than 1.5 million Americans have been killed by gun-related suicides, murders, and accidents. This number is higher than the number of soldiers killed in every US conflict since the American Civil War, according to statistics from The New York Times.
分析认为，美国枪击案频发主要有以下几点原因。
The analysis believes that the frequent shootings in the US are mainly due to the following reasons.
利益集团难撼动。作为美国最具影响力的反控枪利益集团，美国步枪协会拥有近500万成员，每年经费超过4亿美元。该协会利用巨额物质利益和强大游说能力，阻止了自1994年以来几乎所有重大涉枪立法的推进。据美国有线电视新闻网报道，美国国会议员中超过半数以上的议员获得过该协会及其下属机构的政治献金，或从其广告宣传中获益。
Interest groups are hard to shake. As the most influential anti-gun control interest group in the US, the National Rifle Association (NRA) has nearly five million members and annual funding of more than $400 million. The NRA has used huge material interests and powerful lobbying power to block the advancement of nearly every major gun-related legislation since 1994. According to CNN, more than half of the members of the US Congress have received political donations from the association and its affiliates or benefited from its advertising.
各级政府不给力。美国民主、共和两党在控枪问题上矛盾尖锐，令美国联邦层面的控枪立法难以推进。4月11日，拜登政府出台新规，试图监管无编号且难以追踪的“幽灵枪”，随即遭到拥枪派反对，一些反控枪组织表示将对新规提起诉讼。在地区层面，各州对枪支的管控也不尽相同。即便是控枪最严格的加利福尼亚州，其控枪立法和执法也多次遭到阻挠，加州南区联邦地区法院曾多次作出推翻控枪法律的裁决。
Governments at all levels are ineffective. The Democratic and Republican parties in the US have sharp contradictions on the issue of gun control, making it difficult to advance gun control legislation at the federal level. On April 11, the Biden administration introduced new regulations to try to regulate unnumbered and hard-to-trace "ghost guns", which was immediately opposed by gun advocates. Some anti-gun control organizations said they would sue the new regulations. At the regional level, gun control varies from state to state. Even in California, the state with the strictest gun control, gun control legislation and law enforcement have been repeatedly obstructed. The US District Court for the Southern District of California has repeatedly made rulings overturning gun control laws.
枪支管控不严格。据统计，美国人口近3.3亿人，民间枪支保有量超过4亿支，平均每100人持有约120支枪。美国媒体披露，在美国，约20%的枪支在购买时无须背景核查，只要愿意，买枪和买菜一样容易。
Gun control is lax. According to statistics, the US has nearly 330 million people and more than 400 million guns in civilian. On average, there are 120 guns per 100 people. American media revealed that purchasing about 20 percent of guns does not require background verification. Buying guns is as easy as buying groceries if you want to.
社会矛盾多。当前，新冠肺炎疫情和民粹主义严重冲击美国法制和社会秩序，导致种族歧视、种族仇恨事件飙升。与此同时，美国一些政客纵容“白人至上”主义群体，公开煽动种族对立，大量种族歧视言论在美国社会如瘟疫般蔓延，这也导致涉种族枪支暴力事件数量剧增。
Social conflicts varied. At present, the COVID-19 pandemic and populism have severely impacted the legal system and social order in the US, resulting in soaring incidents of racial discrimination and hatred. At the same time, some American politicians condoned "white supremacy" groups and openly incited racial confrontation. A large number of racially discriminatory remarks spread like a plague in American society, which also led to a sharp increase in the number of racially related gun violence.
“枪权”难禁更显“人权”虚伪
"Gun rights" show the hypocrisy of "human rights"
生命权是人权最基本的权利,泛滥的枪支暴力背后是人如草芥的悲凉。近年来，美国枪击案日益频繁，规模大，且受害群体年轻化、低龄化，施暴主体极端化、种族化。数据显示，美国儿童和青少年死于枪击的概率，约为其他31个高收入国家总和的15倍。以5月14日纽约州布法罗市一家超市发生的枪击事件为例，枪手在行凶前曾在网上发布长达180页的“犯案宣言”，自述如何谋划凶案细节，包括“如何杀死更多的非洲裔居民”。
The right to life is the most basic right of human rights. Behind the rampant gun violence is the sadness to treat human life as if it were not worth a straw. In recent years, shootings in the US have become increasingly frequent and large-scale, the victim groups have become younger and younger, and the criminals have become radicalized and racialized. Data show that children and teens in the US are about 15 times more likely to die by gunfire than that in the other 31 high-income countries combined. In the May 14 shooting incident in a supermarket in Buffalo, New York, the gunman posted a 180-page document online before the shooting. The manifesto describes how he planned the murder, including "how to kill more African-American people".
美国吉福兹防止枪械暴力法律中心发布报告称，几乎每个美国人一生中至少会认识一个枪支暴力的受害者。在美国社会的各个角落，愈演愈烈的枪支暴力已成为美国民众深入骨髓的痛。美国政府放任民间持枪，对国内频发的枪击暴力事件无能为力，却竭力向世界标榜自由和人权，还不断发动战争，给世界带来灾难。声声枪响击碎的不仅是美国民众对政府的信任，还有美式人权的虚伪面具。
According to a report released by the Giffords Law Center for the Prevention of Gun Violence, nearly every American will know at least one victim of gun violence in their lifetime. In every corner of American society, the intensifying gun violence has become a deep pain for the American people. The US government allows civilians to own guns and does nothing to deal with the frequent shooting violence in the country. Instead, it tries its best to flaunt freedom and human rights to the world and continues to wage wars and bring disasters to the world. What the gunshots have shattered is not only the American people's trust in the government but also the hypocritical mask of American human rights.
