作者：刘泳海，王忠奎，刘思政

By Liu Yonghai, Wang zhongkui, Liu Sizheng

6月10日是北约轰炸南联盟结束23周年纪念日。23年前，以美国为首的北约在没有获得联合国安理会批准的情况下，悍然对南联盟发动78天的持续轰炸，期间北约投放了总计2.2万吨炸弹，其中包括15吨贫铀弹，直接造成包括79名儿童在内的2500多人死亡、100多万人沦为难民。

June 10 marks the 23rd anniversary of the end of NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was launched 23 years ago by the US-led NATO without the approval of the UN Security Council and lasted 78 days. In these days, NATO dropped a total of 22,000 tons of bombs, including 15 tons of depleted uranium, directly killing more than 2,500 people, including 79 children, and turning more than one million innocent residents into refugees.

更令人痛心的是，战争给当地带来的死亡和痛苦仍遗害至今，代代延续。有关专家指出，贫铀弹对人体的伤害有较长的潜伏期，对环境和人类的食物链也造成长期影响。轰炸发生后的10年，塞尔维亚约有3万人患癌症，其中1万多人死亡。根据贝尔格莱德公共卫生研究所的统计，截至2019年年底，塞尔维亚登记在册的患癌症人数高达9.7万。塞尔维亚急救中心的研究表明，1999年以后本国出生的儿童，1到5岁多发外胚层肿瘤，5至9岁多发恶性血液病，9至18岁脑瘤发病率急剧上升。此外，截至2019年5月，366个参与北约军事行动的意大利士兵患癌症死亡，7500人深受病痛折磨。

What is more distressing is that the suffering caused by the war has haunted until this day, from generation to generation. Experts point out that depleted uranium munitions have a long latency period for damage to human body and long-term effects on the environment and the human food chain.

In the 10 years following the bombing, about 30,000 people in Serbia developed cancer, of which more than 10,000 died. According to the Institute of Public Health in Belgrade, as of the end of 2019, 97,000 people were registered as suffering from cancer in Serbia. Studies by the Serbian Emergency Center show that children born in the country after 1999 had more ectodermal tumors between the ages of one and five, more malignant blood diseases between the ages of five and nine, and a sharp increase in the incidence of brain tumors between the ages of nine and 18. In addition, as of May 2019, 366 Italian soldiers involved in NATO military operations had died of cancer and 7,500 were suffering from the disease

针对北约当年投掷贫铀弹造成的恶劣影响，三千名名贫铀弹受害者委托国际律师团队对北约提起诉讼。然而，北约却声称自己具有豁免权，这一做法实在是令人震惊和气愤。

Three thousand victims of depleted uranium bombs have commissioned international lawyers to file a lawsuit against NATO. However, NATO tried to exonerate itself under the guise of immunity, which is terribly shocking and infuriating.

诉讼团牵头人，塞尔维亚律师阿莱克西奇说到：“我们收到了对北约诉讼的回应。北约方面声称具有豁免权，这绝对不是事实。不仅在塞尔维亚，世界上没有任何国家可以授予战争罪人豁免权。”

"We have received a response to the NATO lawsuit," said Serbian lawyer Aleksic, who was leading the litigation team. “NATO claims to have immunity. It is absolutely not true. No country in the world, not only in Serbia, has the right to grant immunity to war criminals."

阿莱克西奇对媒体表示，北约组织在塞尔维亚的联络办公室向贝尔格莱德法院发来了声明。在声明中北约辩解称：北约与塞尔维亚、黑山在2005年曾经签订过一份关于过境参与和支持维和行动的协议，一年后北约与塞尔维亚在2006年又签订了设立联络办公室的协议。北约方面认为这两份协议能够证明，北约在塞尔维亚具有完全的司法豁免权。换言之，北约认为他们在塞尔维亚有特权，所以北约轰炸南联盟投下的贫铀弹也是“合法的”，对于北约方面这种完全没有道理的说法，阿莱克西奇表示，北约方面提及的两份协议都没有授予北约组织的司法豁免权。而且更重要的是，即使有豁免权也不能在追溯过往的时候使用，北约和塞尔维亚之前签署的两份协议分别是在2005年和2006年签订的，而美国轰炸南联盟的战争罪行是在1999年犯下的，没有后面的协议解释前面问题的道理。

Aleksic told the media that NATO's liaison office in Serbia sent a statement to the Belgrade court whereby NATO argued that it had signed an agreement with Serbia and Montenegro on transit participation and support for peacekeeping operations in 2005, and another agreement with Serbia to set up a liaison office in 2006. NATO tried to justify itself to have full jurisdictional immunity in Serbia with these two agreements. In other words, NATO believed that they have privileges in Serbia, so the depleted uranium bombs dropped by NATO were also "legal." In response to the completely unjustified claims, Aleksic refuted that neither of the two agreements granted NATO jurisdictional immunity. And more importantly, even if there was immunity, it couldn’t be used retroactively. The two agreements were signed in 2005 and 2006, while the US war crimes of bombing the Belgrade were committed in 1999, and there is no justification for the latter agreement to explain the previous issues.

通俗地来讲，北约的做法，就是践踏了他国的国家主权之后，以别的名义掩盖自己的恶行，企图瞒天过海，用所谓“豁免”的说法，掩饰自己所犯下的战争罪行。北约这样的做法，不仅不能自证“清白”，反而是欲盖弥彰，让全世界都清楚地认识到北约丑恶的嘴脸

Generally speaking, what NATO did was to cover up its evil deeds after trampling on the national sovereignty of another country, trying to conceal its war crimes by using the so-called immunity argument. NATO's approach not only fails to prove its innocence, but also helps the whole world to fully reexamine its long list of war crimes.

而自北约成立以来，其在进行所谓的“军事行动”后，带来的从来就不是和平与稳定，只有混乱与创伤。

Since its founding, its so-called military operations have never brought about peace and stability, but chaos and trauma.

波黑战争

War in Bosnia and Herzegovina

1992年4月至1995年12月，波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那（简称“波黑”）三个主要民族围绕波黑前途和领土划分等问题发动战争。在“波黑战争”前夕，在塞、穆、克三族尚未就波黑未来达成一致协议时，北约各国就匆忙承认波黑独立，这无疑加剧了该地区的民族矛盾。北约对波黑塞族进行了大规模空袭，最终迫使交战三方签署了《波黑和平框架协议》。在波黑战争中，27.8万人死亡，200多万人沦为难民，直接经济损失高达450多亿元，绝大部分经济设施遭到破坏。

From April 1992 to December 1995, a war broke out among the three main ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina over its future and the division of its territory. On the eve of the Bosnia War, NATO hastily recognized the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina before the Serbs, Muslims and Croats had reached a consensus agreement on the future of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which undoubtedly aggravated the ethnic conflicts in the region. NATO launched massive air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs, and eventually forced the three ethnic groups to sign the Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina. As a consequence of the war, 278,000 civilians were killed, more than 2 million people became refugees, direct economic losses amounted to more than $ 6.7 billion, and the vast majority of economic facilities were destroyed.

科索沃战争

Kosovo War

科索沃战争是一场由科索沃的民族矛盾直接引发、以美国为首的北约的推动下、未经过联合国授权的一场战争。其持续时间从1999年3月24日至1999年6月10日。贝尔格莱德时间1999年5月7日（北京时间1999年5月8日），以美国为首的北约部队，用B-2隐形轰炸机投下五枚联合直接攻击弹药(JDAM)，悍然轰炸了中华人民共和国驻南斯拉夫联盟共和国大使馆。三名记者当场牺牲，另有数十人受伤，大使馆建筑严重损毁。轰炸之后，造成了1800人死亡，6000人受伤，12条铁路被毁，50架桥梁被炸，20所医院被毁，40%油库和30%的广播电视台受到破坏，经济损失总共达2000亿美元.

The war in Kosovo was triggered by ethnic tensions in Kosovo and promoted by the US-led NATO without the authorization of the United Nations. It lasted from March 24, 1999 to June 10, 1999. On May 7, 1999 Belgrade time (May 8, 1999 Beijing time), the US-led NATO forces blatantly bombed the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia by dropping five Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAM) from B-2 stealth bomber. Three Chinese journalists were killed on the spot, dozens of others were injured, and the embassy building was severely damaged. As a result of the three-month bombing, 1,800 civilians were killed, 6,000 were injured, 12 railroads were destroyed, 50 bridges were bombed, 20 hospitals were destroyed, 40% of oil depots and 30% of radio and television stations were damaged, and economic losses totaled $200 billion.

这是北约自成立以来，首次未经联合国授权而对一个主权国家发动战争，正式标志着北约从防御性转为进攻性，推行新干涉主义战略，奉行明确的扩张主义政策。”曾任南联盟外交部长的日瓦丁•约万诺维奇表示，北约对南联盟动武严重践踏了联合国宪章和《维也纳外交关系公约》，对国际法基本原则构成了严峻挑战。

This is the first time since its establishment that NATO has launched a war against a sovereign state without the authorization of the United Nations, marking its shift from defensive to offensive and the pursuit of a new interventionist strategy and clear expansionist policy. Zivadin Jovanovic, the former foreign minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, accused that NATO's use of force against Belgrade is a serious violation of the UN Charter and the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, and poses serious challenges to the basic principles of international law.

阿富汗战争

Afghanistan War

以美国为首的北约联军在2001年10月7日起对“基地”组织和塔利班的一场战争，该战争是美国对9•11事件的报复。截至2021年5月美国和北约部队从阿富汗突然撤军，美国波士顿大学的一项统计显示，阿富汗战争期间累计造成了24.1万人死亡，其中7.1万人是平民，千万平民沦为难民。20年的阿富汗战争，还给当地带来了巨大的经济损失。根据喀布尔大学学者的评估，阿富汗战争平均每天造成约6000万美元经济损失。阿富汗战争还带来了阿富汗社会的失序。据报道，阿富汗战争期间，72%的人生活在贫困线下，350万儿童失学。阿富汗的混乱还给恐怖组织的扩张提供了便利条件，东伊运、基地组织等恐怖组织乘机在阿富汗扩张，进一步加剧了当地秩序的混乱。

The US-led NATO coalition launched a war against al-Qaida and the Taliban on Oct. 7, 2001, as a retaliation for the Sept. 11 attack. As of May, 2021, with the sudden and irresponsible withdrawal of US and NATO troops, a total of 241,000 people were killed during the war in Afghanistan, 71,000 of whom were civilians, and millions of people became homeless, according to a study by Boston University. The 20-year war has also brought huge economic losses to the people in Afghanistan. According to the scholars’ assessment of Kabul University, the war has resulted in an average economic loss of about $60 million per day. The war in Afghanistan has also brought about the disorder of Afghan society. It is reported that during the war in Afghanistan, 72% lived below the poverty line, and 3.5 million children were deprived of the opportunity to go to school. The chaos in Afghanistan has also held the candle to the devil, the terrorist networks such as the East Turkestan Islamic Movement and Al-Qaeda have taken advantage of the opportunity to expand in Afghanistan, further exacerbating the chaos of order in the region.

伊拉克战争

Iraq War

英美军队为主的联合部队在2003年3月20日对伊拉克发动的军事行动，美国以伊拉克藏有大规模杀伤性武器并暗中支持恐怖分子为由，绕开联合国安理会，单方面对伊拉克实施军事打击的一场战争。战争结束后，伊拉克本土居民伤亡超过10万，以及数以万计的难民。最重要的是，战争带给伊拉克的毁灭性打击是要用长时间去弥合和缝补的。

On March 20, 2003, multi-nation troops led by the United States and United Kingdom launched the military operation against Iraq . The United States circumvented the United Nations Security Council and unilaterally launched a military attack against Iraq on the grounds that Iraq was hiding weapons of mass destruction and secretly supporting terrorists. The war has resulted in more than 100,000 casualties among the Iraqi civilians and tens of thousands of refugees. Most importantly, the devastation of the war takes a long time to heal and mend.

利比亚战争

Libya Civil War

2011年3月20日包括美国、英国在内的多国联军开始空袭行动，空袭行动一直持续到10月份。根据联合国《第1973( 2011) 号决议》:"禁止一切飞行是保护平民以及保障运送人道援助的安全的一个重要因素"。其目的显然是为了限制利比亚空军的飞行活动以防止其对无辜平民的军事轰炸, 而非明确授权北约对利比亚使用武力包括对利比亚政府军的轰炸与对卡扎菲及其家庭成员的轰炸等。显然，北约的这次空袭，根本没有获得联合国的授权。而在空袭中，北约除了对利比亚政府军的坦克等军事设施进行轰炸以外, 还对电站、桥梁、公路等民用设施进行了轰炸, 使得利比亚居民的食物供给、电力及其他基本生活设施遭到严重破坏，完全违背了联合国的初心和本意，更谈不上符合联合国授权这么一说。

On March 20, 2011, the multinational coalition of forces led by the United States and the United Kingdom, began an airstrike on Libya that lasted until October. UN Resolution 1973 (2011) stipulates that the ban on all flights is an important element for the protection of civilians and the safety of the delivery of humanitarian assistance. The purpose was not to authorize NATO's use of force against Libya, but to prevent the Libyan Air Force from bombing innocent civilians. So, the NATO airstrikes were actually not authorized by the UN at all. In addition to destroying the Libyan government's tanks and other military facilities, NATO also bombed power stations, bridges, roads and other civilian facilities, causing serious damage to the food supply, electricity and other basic living facilities of Libyan residents, which is completely contrary to the original intention and intent of the United Nations, not to mention the United Nations authorization.

美国得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校副教授阿兰•库珀曼曾撰文说，2011年，北约空袭利比亚之时，利比亚内战已接近结束，造成约1000人身亡；而在北约干预后，至少又有1万多人在内战中身亡，北约的干预将暴力致死人数增加了10倍。时至今日，利比亚仍处于动荡之中，人民流离失所。

Alan Cooperman, an associate professor from the University of Texas at Austin, wrote that NATO launched airstrikes on Libya in 2011 when the civil war almost came to an end which killed about 1,000 people. However, after NATO intervened, more than 10,000 people were killed, that is to say, NATO's intervention has increased the death toll tenfold. To date, Libya is still in turmoil, with the innocent people displaced and homeless.

显而易见，北约在哪里参与军事行动，哪里就会不安宁，不太平。欧洲议会议员米克•华莱士在欧洲议会发言时表示：“北约一直做的事情是向外输出战争，北约就是拥有武器装备的战争分子。” 欧洲议会议员克莱尔•戴利指出：“北约的存在只能带来更多问题。你可以在利比亚等地清楚地看到这一点，北约在那里大肆杀戮。北约根本不是和平的力量，不仅在乌克兰危机中不是，在此前的历次危机中都不是。

It is obvious that wherever NATO is involved, there is no peace and no tranquility. Member of European Parliament (MEP) Mick Wallace pointed out that what NATO has been doing is exporting war out of the country, and NATO is the war monger with the weaponry. In addition, as MEP Claire Daley noted, "NATO's presence can only create more problems. You can see this clearly in places like Libya, where NATO is on a killing spree. NATO is simply not a force for peace, not only in the Ukraine crisis, but in all previous crises.”

北约，从来就不是一个和平的防御性组织，而是一个以美国为首的黑帮组织，是其背后操纵国的战争机器，是国际地区的麻烦制造者，是世界动荡的制造者。

NATO has never been a peaceful and defensive organization, but a gangster organization led by the United States, a war machine of the manipulating countries behind Washington, a troublemaker in international regions and a creator of world unrest.

北约，人道主义的刽子手，其所谓的“豁免”塞尔维亚人民不会答应，正义的世界人民也绝不会答应。

NATO, the butcher who tramples on humanitarianism, tried to conceal its war crimes by using the so-called "immunity" argument, which will neither be pardoned by the victims in Serbia, nor the peace-loving people all over the world.

编者按：作者单位来自国防科技大学。本文仅代表作者个人观点，不代表中国军网的观点。

Editor's note: The authors are with the National University of Defense Technology of Chinese PLA. The article reflects the authors' opinions and not necessarily those of eng.chinamil.com.cn.